History of the Flinn Nature Reserve

January 20, 2001

Paul and Mary Ellen Flinn purchased a 64-acre property on Boxcartown Road from the estate of Mildred V. Keister in 1960. This property was part of a larger parcel purchased by Philip Keister on March 18, 1806 from Alexander Cobean, a land speculator from Gettysburg, who had acquired a larger tract of 3580 acres from agents for John and Richard Penn, sons of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. In 1769, the Penns established by proprietary warrant and survey a 5000 acre tract called the Manor of Denmark when the sale of lands from the New Purchase of 1768 was authorized. In 1784 the Penn’s had the Manor subdivided into eighteen lots by George Woods. Philip Keister purchased Lot No. 18 of the subdivision of 1784. The “5000” acre tract encompassed 5771 acres.

By virtue of the charter granted in 1681 to William Penn by Charles II in consideration of the debt owed his father, all of Pennsylvania was deeded to the Penn family as a proprietary. However, the Penns had to acquire land rights from Native Americans at their own expense. The New Purchase of 1768 was the latest wave in the march westward that started when William Penn began the colonization of Pennsylvania in 1682. The deed granted by Charles II to the Penns permitted the continuance of certain elements of feudal law with the concept of manors or tenths to be set aside as the personal property of the Penns. In all, 92 manors were established, five of which were in southwestern Pennsylvania with two of these in Westmoreland County. The idea was simple. Set aside the choicer land and sell off the surrounding land to drive up the value of the set-aside. The revolutionary spirit of the times decried ownership by the Penn family of such vast tracts. In 1779, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania passed the Divesting Act that preserved the Penns private estates and manors but returned unsettled lands to the public domain. The Penns were paid 130,000 pounds sterling in compensation for this taking. The Divesting Act also abolished the quitrent. This was a nominal rent, often one pepper corn per year if demanded, used to insure that principal title to the land remained with the Penn family.

Between 1791 and 1805 the Penns were able to sell six of the eighteen lots in the Manor of Denmark. Alexander bought the remaining twelve lots which he managed to sell off by 1814. The Westmoreland County Patent Map No. 89 shows the boundaries of the northwest corner of the Manor of Denmark, namely, Lots Nos. 17 & 18, and the northern portions of Lots Nos. 14, 15 & 16. Using the sub division boundaries you can locate the parcel acquired from Mildred Keister and the Flinn Nature Reserve.

Some of the information here was obtained from an Indenture on loan to us which showed a conveyance between Alexander Cobean and Philip Keaster. An early plot plan of the Manor of Denmark has the name Geo. Philip Keister written in lot No. 18 and John Mochnick’s book refers a Philip Keister as having bought lot No. 18 on March 18, 1806. The two spellings must refer to the same person. The indenture between Alexander Cobean and John Coates, an agent of the Penns helped with this information. We also obtained information from the Westmoreland County Patent Map and the Mochnick’s chapter on the history of the Manor of Denmark.

The connection of the Flinn Reserve with the Manor of Denmark will help to make the community more aware of its colonial past.